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The A Eighth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored since it uses the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=mta.info - Line Colors )〕 The A operates between 207th Street in Inwood, Manhattan and Mott Avenue in Far Rockaway, Queens, or Lefferts Boulevard in Richmond Hill, Queens. The A is the Central Park West / Eighth Avenue Express in Manhattan, Fulton Street Express in Brooklyn, and Liberty Avenue / Rockaway Local in Queens during daytime hours. The A provides the longest one-seat ride in the system, at over between Inwood and Far Rockaway. Five rush hour trips run to and from Beach 116th Street in Rockaway Park, Queens, in the peak direction.〔The special rush hour trips are designated in the schedule and on trains.〕 At all times, a shuttle train (S – Rockaway Park Shuttle) operates between Broad Channel, where it connects with the A, and Rockaway Park. During late nights, the A makes all stops along its entire route and originates/terminates at Far Rockaway only; a shuttle train (Lefferts Boulevard Shuttle) runs between Euclid Avenue and Lefferts Boulevard.〔The separate shuttle service is identified on the late night map as , in the schedule as , and on trains as .〕 == History == The A and AA were the first services on the IND Eighth Avenue Line when it opened on September 10, 1932. The A ran express between 207th Street and Chambers Street, adjacent to the Hudson Terminal (today's World Trade Center station), and the AA was a local between 168th Street and Hudson Terminal. During late nights and Sundays, the A did not run and the AA made all stops along the line. The A was extended to Jay Street – Borough Hall on February 1, 1933, when the Cranberry Street Tunnel to Brooklyn opened; an extension to Bergen Street opened on March 20, and to Church Avenue on October 7.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NYCT Line by Line History )〕 On April 9, 1936, the IND Fulton Street Line was opened to Rockaway Avenue. The 1936 completion played an integral part in the establishment of Bedford-Stuyvesant as Brooklyn's central African American community. The A train connected Harlem, Manhattan's central African American community to areas of Bedford-Stuyvesant that provided residential opportunities for African Americans not found throughout the rest of New York City.〔Echanove, Matias. ("Bed-Stuy on the Move" ). Master thesis. Urban Planning Program. ''Columbia University''. Urbanology.org. 2003.〕 On December 30, 1946 and November 28, 1948, the line was extended to Broadway – East New York (now Broadway Junction) and Euclid Avenue, respectively. On October 29, 1949, express service in Brooklyn to Broadway – East New York (now Broadway Junction) began with the A running express during rush hours, with the extended to provide local service.〔 On April 29, 1956, Grant Avenue was opened, and the line was extended over the BMT Fulton Street Line to Lefferts Boulevard. Weekdays except midnights, alternate trains terminated at Lefferts Boulevard and at Euclid Avenue. During weekends, they terminated at Euclid Avenue with a shuttle to Lefferts Boulevard.〔 Two months later, on June 28, 1956, the former Long Island Rail Road Rockaway Line was rebuilt to subway specifications,〔, December 2004 Edition〕 and service began to Rockaway Park〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ROCKAWAY PARK )〕 and Wavecrest (Beach 25th Street).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=LONG ISLAND STATION HISTORY )〕 At this time, rush hour express service on the Fulton Street Line with the train began. On September 16, 1956, the A was extended to the Rockaways replacing the . At the time, alternate trains continued running to Lefferts Boulevard.〔 On January 27, 1957, non-rush hour through service to the Rockaways was discontinued and was replaced by a shuttle running between Euclid Avenue and Wavecrest (now Beach 25th Street). Non-rush hour A train service is now to Lefferts Boulevard. This may also be the time that the E replaced the A again in the Rockaways.〔〔(Re: 70 Years Ago (12/15/1940) - IND 6th Avenue Line Opens )〕 On January 16, 1958, a new terminal was created at Far Rockaway – Mott Avenue, and the through connection to the Long Island Rail Road's Far Rockaway station was severed. On September 8, 1958, the A train replaced the train in the Rockaways again. "Round-robin" service from Euclid Avenue to both Rockaway terminals began, non-rush hours, while through A service runs to Lefferts Boulevard. In September 1959, the A begins to run local in Brooklyn at all times, as the becomes express in Brooklyn.〔 In 1963, the train was extended to the Rockaways, and the A train ran local to Euclid Avenue or Lefferts Boulevard at all times. (HH shuttle service from Euclid Avenue provided all service to the Rockaways). On July 9, 1967, the A train was extended to Far Rockaway middays, evenings, and weekends, replacing the HH shuttle on that branch. Five years later, it would also be extended during rush hours. On January 6, 1974, the A train became the express service along Fulton Street and the train became the local.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=www.nycsubway.org )〕 Finally, in 1976, the became the Fulton Street Local during rush hours.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=www.nycsubway.org )〕 In 1985, the Independent Subway System's practice of using double letters to indicate local service was discontinued. The AA service was renamed the K. In 1988, it was discontinued and replaced by the .〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The JoeKorNer Timetables )〕 Until 1993, the A train ran to Lefferts Boulevard during late nights, while the Far Rockaway service did not run late nights; at this time, a transfer to a shuttle at Euclid Avenue was available. In 1993, this pattern was switched, with late-night A service running to Far Rockaway. Since then an A shuttle started providing service from Euclid Avenue to Lefferts Boulevard during late nights. A few years later, special A service began running from Rockaway Park to Dyckman Street during the morning rush, and from 59th Street – Columbus Circle to Rockaway Park during the evening rush. In 1999, the A became the express on the Fulton Street Line on evenings and weekends after service was moved from World Trade Center to Euclid Avenue during that time. On January 23, 2005, a fire at the Chambers Street signal room crippled A and service. Initial assessments suggested that it would take several years to restore normal service, but the damaged equipment was replaced with available spare parts, and normal service resumed on April 21.〔()〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Remembering a fire at Chambers St. )〕 A service was affected by Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 due to extreme damage to the IND Rockaway Line. Trains that normally traveled to Far Rockaway or Rockaway Park terminated at Howard Beach – JFK Airport. Service to the Rockaways resumed on May 30, 2013.〔(Cuomo: MTA To Restore A Train Subway Service To The Rockaways May 30 )〕 The Far Rockaway part of the route was served by the temporary free H shuttle that ran between Far Rockaway and Beach 90th Street via the connecting track at Hammels Wye.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MTA on Twitter )〕〔(Hurricane Sandy Recovery Service As of November 20 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MTA News )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「A (New York City Subway service)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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